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Objectives Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects the respiratory system predominantly. However, post-COVID recovery, many manifested neurological and psychological symptoms, unrelated to the respiratory system. We aimed to estimate psychological impairment in individuals who were infected with COVID-19 in comparison with two uninfected control groups, and between different age cohorts.Materials and Methods We compared three groups with respect to COVID-19-those infected, those not infected but witness to someone infected, and those neither infected nor witness to anyone infected, along with age cohort comparison. The standard Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 42 items (DASS 42) questionnaire, with additional questions were answered by 301 participants.Statistical Analysis SPSS was used for analyses, with Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Tukey's post hoc test.Results Significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were found in the infected group than in the uninfected groups, and significant difference was found between the older age cohorts (50 and above) of each group. The percentages of the infected group with severe to very severe depression, anxiety, and stress were higher than the other groups.Conclusion There is greater psychological impairment in individuals post-COVID recovery, and there is higher impairment in the older age cohort that is recovered, compared to controls.
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Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of preventive measures against COVID-19 infection among pregnant women. It is our understanding that assessing healthcare needs and healthcare education form the pillars for better healthcare thereby this study was conducted. Methodology: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in which 150 antenatal women were included. Face-to-face interview was conducted by using a self-developed internally validated semi-structured questionnaire based on 3 major domains, Knowledge (10), Attitude (10) and Practice (4), with close ended questions. Each response-correct was allotted score 1 & incorrect allotted score of 0. The responses were described as frequencies and percentages. Scoring system-Poor score<60%, Fair score 60-75%, Good score > 75% of total score in each domain. Result(s): 103(68.7%) had good knowledge and 121(80.7%) had poor attitude, regarding COVID affecting their pregnancy, antenatal visits and unborn baby. 113(75.3%) were practicing preventive habits. Conclusion(s): Our study showed the anxiety and fear related to Covid-19 affected mental health of women and their adherence to antenatal care which needs to be addressed in providing antenatal care services.Copyright © 2023, Dr Yashwant Research Labs Pvt Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Background: The effect of psychiatric comorbidity on pregnancy outcome among SARS-CoV-2 positive women with asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic infections remains largely unknown Methods: Electronic medical records of all pregnant women who received care at Mayo Health System and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (RT-PCR) from March 2020 through October 2021 were reviewed Results: Among 789 patients, 34.2% (n=270) had psychiatric comorbidity. Of those, 62.2% (n=168) had depression prior to pregnancy and 5.2% (n=14) reported new onset depression during pregnancy. Anxiety diagnosis was present in 65.6% (n=177) prior to pregnancy and new onset anxiety in 4.4% (n=12). Thirteen percent of SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women (n=108) received a psychotropic medication during pregnancy. In addition, 6.7% (n=18) and 10.7% (n=29) of pregnant women with psychiatric comorbidity had a documented nicotine, cannabis and/ or illicit substance use during and prior to pregnancy, respectively. Asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women with psychiatric comorbidity had significantly higher risk for cesarean delivery [35.6% vs.24.9%). Conclusion(s): In conclusion, the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and prescribed antidepressant medications during pregnancy among asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected women were substantially higher than average, which negatively impacted on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Pregnancy, Depression, AnxietyCopyright © 2023
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Advanced video compression is required due to the rise of online video content. A strong compression method can help convey video data effectively over a constrained bandwidth. We observed how more internet usage for video conferences, online gaming, and education led to decreased video quality from Netflix, YouTube, and other streaming services in Europe and other regions, particularly during the COVID-19 epidemic. They are represented in standard video compression algorithms as a succession of reference frames after residual frames, and these approaches are limited in their application. Deep learning's introduction and current advancements have the potential to overcome such problems. This study provides a deep learning-based video compression model that meets or exceeds current H.264 standards. © 2022 IEEE.
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With the spread of COVID-19, it has become a high need of finding out the drugs that can combat and prevent this deadly disease. Most of the researchers are finding suitable drugs by using coronavirus spike protein as a target. In this study, we have used alternate drug targets of the coronavirus and have used the phytochemicals of the alcoholic beverage of Tons Valley, Garhwal Himalayas called Soor and Pakhoi, to check whether the drink could act as an antiviral agent. For this purpose, modern computational techniques like molecular modelling and docking simulation with the help of iGEMDOCK software have been used in finding out the permissible results in the form of high docking interaction energy. Therefore, the specific binding of the phytochemicals with the viral protein could disrupt the natural targets of the virus with the viral proteins. Hence, Soor and Pakhoi can be a deterrent source for the coronavirus infection. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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The COVID-19 outbreak has challenged the global tourism sector, and it has posed a significant threat to the existence of tourism business across the globe, especially in emerging economies. This study examines the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on travel intermediary businesses in India and their strategies to overcome the present predicament. The study draws on the interviews with 15 executives of selected travel intermediary firms located around the country. The findings emphasise the economic downturn, customer retention policies, resilience strategies and current shifts in the industry. The outcomes also identify the recent tendency towards the traditional travel booking/holiday-booking trend towards traditional intermediaries. This research contributes to a better understanding and implementation of business continuity methods in tourist studies, and its results have practical implications for administrators and governments. Copyright © 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
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The present chapter is focused on the latest available technique and technology helpful in monitoring a large number of people having after corona disease effect. The most favorable way of monitoring a large number of people together can be possible only through the online wireless monitoring system. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technique-based systems can only handle this kind of post COVID scenario, as it is quick, accurate and many a time automatic. Thus present book chapter is focused on the review of the present latest AI/ML-based health monitoring systems. Separate sub-topics on cardiac, nephrology, and diabetics have been taken elaborately. The health monitoring system shall be capable of monitoring diseases such as cardiac, nephrology, and diabetes. Internet of things (IoT) wearable devices (medical sensors) are useful for recording various body parameters of the patient like comprehensive pressure, fever, physics activity, heart rate, etc. A real-time IoT-based system is capable to deliver the data to caregiving medical centers, doctors, or family members for proper treatment. IoT-based patient monitoring has a few drawbacks related to the error in analysis and acceptability among the medical fraternity. Other issues include security and privacy. Devices capture private health-related information and these data are highly vulnerable as being in the public domain through the internet. Thus it may attract unethical people for misuse. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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In recent times, the amount of data sent and received through wireless networks has grown quickly. Smartphones and the growth of Internet access around the world are two big reasons for this volume. Due to the current state of global health, which is mostly caused by Covid-19, telecommunications companies have a great chance to find new ways to make money by using Big Data Analytics (BDA) solutions. This is because data traffic has gone up. After all, more customers are using telecommunications services. As most of the world's data is now made by smartphones and sent through the telecom network, telecom operators are facing an information explosion that makes it harder to make decisions based on the data they need to predict how people will act. This problem was solved by making a system that sorts through information and makes suggestions based on how people have behaved in the past. Content-based filtering, collaborative filtering, and a hybrid approach are the three main ways that recommender systems filter data to solve the problem of too much data and give users relevant recommendations based on their interests and the data that is being created in real-time. Distance algorithms like Cosine, Euclidean, Manhattan, and Minkowski are at the heart of the suggested recommender system, which aims to research and design an effective recommendation strategy. The suggested model suggests different telecom packages to meet the needs of users to increase revenue per subscriber and get consumers, telecom providers, and corporations to sign long-term contracts. © 2022 IEEE.
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Sustainable behaviour promotes pro-ecological behaviour and is a practice of consuming and utilizing resources responsibly. The ongoing COVID-19-induced pandemic has already put economic, social and psychological distress across the globe. Meanwhile, it has become vital to think of issues related to the sustainable management of resources. Behavioural norms play a prominent role while promoting sustainable living. This research examines how the sustainable dimension in one's behaviour influences the decision-making in their daily life. Previous studies have shown the importance of sub-factors like happiness, diversity constraint and frugal actions as factors affecting sustainable behaviour. These indicators mainly define the action one will choose to react to while buying and consuming different resources. The study identifies happiness as the mediating variable which influences the relationship between the predictor variables—mindfulness and diversity acceptance and the criterion variable—frugality-linked sustainable behaviour. With a sample of 324 participants, Baron and Kenny's mediation model was outlined to test the mediation. Results showed a positive relationship between frugality, diversity, mindfulness and happiness. Happiness was found to be mediating between mindfulness, diversity acceptance and frugality-linked sustainable behaviour indicating that mindfulness and diversity acceptance alone have limited potential to impact the frugality-linked sustainable approach that individuals take. Happiness, as explained through a positive frame of mind, plays a very important role in enhancing sustainability behaviour. © 2023 Management Centre for Human Values.
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Background: International human rights law, in particular Article 7 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, Cultural Rights, calls for 'just and favourable' work conditions including the 'right to safe working conditions'. COVID-19 has exposed many frontline health workers to unsafe working conditions especially in regard to lack of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) or protocols to minimise exposure. This further jeopardises not only the health of community pharmacists and technicians but also patients. Purpose(s): Whistle-blower protections ensure that individuals can freely report on substandard and unsafe work conditions without fear of retaliation. However, in many cases, unclear or lack of reporting guidelines for employees, or weaknesses in law and resource limitation of regulatory agencies can prevent or deter reporting. Method(s): This paper will explore the state of whistle-blower protections policies in the United States, in order to analyse the effectiveness of these protections and their uptake in community pharmacy settings. Furthermore, the paper will explore the resources available to pharmacists and technicians who wish to become whistle-blowers or have experienced retaliation as a result of whistleblowing. Result(s): There is a disconnect between protections available, employee understanding and use of these various instruments, enforcement mechanisms, and protection through alternative policies and laws. Conclusion(s): The findings in this paper will be useful for pharmacists and technicians who would like to avail whistle-blower protections and for future research which looks at more effective alternatives to the current whistleblowing protection infrastructure.
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Background: Deterioration in the mental health of healthcare workers during and after pandemics have been established. Ongoing health worker shortages and burnout previous to COVID19 and the aggressive transmission of the virus has intensified these mental health issues. Community pharmacists and technicians, who serve on the frontline and who are heavily relied upon during pandemics, are no exception. Purpose(s): The purpose of this study is primarily to understand the immensity of the mental health problems faced in community pharmacy settings and highlight the legal and policy structures that may be easing or exacerbating these incidences in the United States of America. Method(s): Exploratory research that includes a rapid review of existing literature, current news articles and professional organisation publications is used to map out the problem. Result(s): Little research has been conducted on the unique role that pharmacists and technicians occupy during a pandemic, and how, if at all, they may experience different types, or severities, of mental health problems. However, technological advancements have allowed for various interventions and resources. Conclusion(s): This research will help to better understand mental health problems faced in community pharmacy settings, highlight available resources, and discern existing legal and policy structures. Moreover, it could be used to guide future studies on how to address and mitigate specific factors that exacerbate the mental health problems and the need for policy changes to accommodate these incidences.
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Purpose: Based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response Model, this study aims to investigate how the intention of Chinese guests to revisit a hotel (response) is triggered by the quality of the hotel's hygiene protocols (stimulus) during the pandemic. Brand image, perceived guest satisfaction and perceived customer trust were examined as the organism factors in this model. Design/methodology/approach: The quantitative method was adopted to collect data via a structured online survey of 385 Chinese hotel guests. Their responses were analyzed using SPSS (v.26) and SmartPLS (3.3.2) software. Findings: The quality of hotel hygiene protocols was found to have a significant impact on hotel brand image, perceived guest satisfaction and perceived guest trust. Hotel brand image, perceived guest satisfaction and perceived guest trust, in turn, demonstrated significant relationships with guests' revisit intention. Research limitations/implications: Theoretically, the present study offers a framework to understand the impact of hotel hygiene protocols on guest revisit intention. Practically, the findings of the study encourage industry practitioners to implement proper safety protocols and standard operating procedures related to COVID-19. Originality/value: Since the beginning of the pandemic, hotel hygiene standards have become a key concern for guests. The current study provides important and meaningful insights into whether and how hotel hygiene quality promotes guest revisit intention. © 2023, International Tourism Studies Association.
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The first epidemic of the modern world that has changed the course of the current civilization & turned out to be a pandemic (i.e. COVID-19) has tremendously affected several industries including that of tourism & hospitality. Due to the multilevel impact, the whole world struggled to overcome this situation but with almost two years of its co-existence, people have now managed to change their style of living & social habits including that of the food habits. One of such food habits i.e. 'Eating out/ Dining out' was bound to change in the post-pandemic period due to the health advisories & closure of several hotels, restaurants and food outlets. The present research tries to find out the changes in the Eating out behaviour of the residents of Dharamshala (H.P.) in the pre & post-pandemic period. Further, it tries to identify the factors which affect the eating out behaviour of the residents & measure their importance in different periods (pre &post pandemic). The data were collected from 286 residents of Dharamshala region, through a structured questionnaire & analysed through reliability checks (Cronbach's Alpha-α), KMO & Bartlett's test, factor analysis, paired sample t-test and analysis of frequency & mean values. The results showed a significant decrease in the frequency of visits, purchasing/ordering, percentage of outside meals consumed, average spending etc, whereas the level of priority given by the residents to hygiene, food safety, quality, service & distribution etc has increased in the post-pandemic period. Hence various strategies were suggested for the restaurants/local eateries like, (1) Use of technology (automatic doors, sensor & timer enabled soap & sanitiser dispenser, online payments), (2) cost reduction tactics (controlling of food wastage, reduction in menu items), (3) training of employees (sanitisation rules, HACCP rules) etc which were if adopted will certainly help them revive from the crisis slowly & steadily over the period. © 2022 Editura Universitatii din Oradea. All rights reserved.
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The novel Corona virus has been declared a pandemic due to its high transmissibility rate, influencing human life to its heights. It has affected the psychological and mental health of all people, including the functioning of various sectors. This study is based on a micro-level survey that discusses the pandemic's effect on 600 students pursuing education in secondary and higher secondary levels in Kolkata. The school students' effect was analysed based on four parameters— school, home, a shift in the medium of education from offline to online and the effect on the students' future plans, aims and ambition. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire, which was comprised of structured and semi-structured questions circulated online among the respondents. The respondents were asked to initially rank the indicators and the variables they considered the most critical cause affecting their studies. The respondents were then asked to rate the indicators on a five-point Likert scale to judge the degree of impact of the variables on the respondents. © 2021 Sinha
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Machine learning has seen a considerable increase in performance and interest in scientific research and industrial applications over the previous decade. The success of most current state-of-the-art methods can be linked to recent deep learning advancements. Deep learning has been demonstrated to outperform not only standard machine learning but also highly specialized tools designed by domain specialists when applied to many scientific fields involving the processing of non-tabular data, such as pictures or text. This article will cover ML-based research on SARS-Co V-2 Proteinase Biological Activity classification, with an emphasis on the most recent successes and research trends. SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) produced a global pandemic of coronavirus illness (COVID-19), which prompted a rush to find treatment options. Despite the attempts, no vaccine or medicine for therapy has been approved. In this paper, we mentioned some previous articles that have resulted in successful bioactivity prediction. The discussion of the machine having to learn technology that has been used for bioactivity prediction in general and has the potential to lead the way for successful working with complex molecules in the future is also a focus of this review. The study finishes with a brief viewpoint on contemporary machine learning research advances, including student engagement and semi-supervised learning, which offer considerable potential for increasing bioactive discovery. © 2022 IEEE.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has turned our life topsy-turvy. It has bought a massive change in all sectors around the world. A great number of research papers have already been published accounting for various aspects of the COVID-19 issue, owing to the ever-increasing interest in this hot area. The essential data is gathered using the well-known and dependable search engine SCOPUS. We looked at research papers, journals, and reviews from 25 leading countries to highlight a comprehensive study of research output through COVID-19 papers. This study focuses on the top authors, leading articles, and journals from various nations, the percentage of published papers in various fields, and the top collaborative research work from different authors and countries. USA, UK, China, Italy, and India have all made a significant contribution to COVID-19 research. The USA is the leading country followed by UK and China but for H-index China is in the best position. The highest number of papers has been developed in the area of "medicine". The Harvard Medical School of the UK contributed the highest number of papers followed by the University of Toronto of Canada. Professor K. Dhama of India has published the highest number of papers while C. Huang of China received the highest number of citations. It also highlights that several authors have differing opinions on the efficacy of taking the medicine remdesivir. Our research provides a complete and comprehensive image of the virus's current research status, or in other words, a roadmap of the present research status.
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This chapter glances through the desired roles of businesses as corporate citizens in society and discusses why ‘CSR as Unusual’ is needed in times of crisis, like the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a qualitative study of secondary data, the author reviews the disasters/pandemic-related public policies and companies’ CSR policies separately, along with contributions made by firms and wealthy entrepreneurs for the COVID-19 pandemic relief. Although the findings acknowledge the businesses’ contributions, they also simultaneously raise some questions if firms could have played their role differently and done better in such times of crisis. The chapter also reflects on some severe consequences of the Government’s interferences in CSR. Also, it expresses concerns over the blurred, ad hoc, and spend-centric CSR responses by firms to the pandemic, primarily done for the private benefit. Finally, the author summarizes all his arguments to term it ‘Conspicuous CSR’. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Indranil De, Soumyadip Chattopadhyay, Hippu Salk Kristle Nathan, and Kingshuk Sarkar;individual chapters, the contributors.